The correct option is (c).
Explanation
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. The component that dissolves the other component is called the solvent, and the component that is dissolved is called the solute. The capacity of a solvent to dissolve a solute depends on temperature and the nature of the substances involved.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: A solution is termed saturated when no more solute can be dissolved in it at a specific temperature. At this point, the solution is in dynamic equilibrium with the undissolved solute.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Solubility is defined as the amount of the solute present in a saturated solution at a given temperature (usually expressed per 100 grams of solvent). It does not refer to the amount of solvent present.
- Statement 3 is Correct: For most solid solutes dissolved in liquid solvents, solubility increases with a rise in temperature. Consequently, if a saturated solution is heated, it gains the capacity to dissolve more solute, thereby becoming unsaturated at that higher temperature.
Key Takeaway:
Solubility refers to the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a specific amount of solvent at a given temperature. Heating a saturated solution generally increases solubility, converting it into an unsaturated state.