With reference to the components of population change, consider the following statements: 1. There are three components of population change: births, deaths and migration. 2. Crude Birth Rate (CBR) is expressed as the number of live births in a year per hundred of the population. 3. Crude Death Rate (CDR) is a simple method of measuring the mortality of any area. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Correct Option The correct option is 1 and 3 only. Explanation Population change refers to the variation in the number of people in a specific area during a specific time period. This dynamic process is driven by the interaction of three fundamental demographic components: fertility (births), mortality (deaths), and mobility (migration). Statement-wise Analysis - Statement 1 is Correct: There are three components of population change: births, deaths, and migration. The balance between births and deaths determines the natural growth of the population, while migration accounts for the induced change in population size. - Statement 2 is Incorrect: Crude Birth Rate (CBR) is defined as the number of live births in a year per thousand of the population, not per hundred. It is a standard measure used to estimate fertility rates in a region. - Statement 3 is Correct: Crude Death Rate (CDR) is widely recognized as a simple method of measuring the mortality of any area. It represents the number of deaths in a particular year per thousand of the population. Key Takeaway: Both Crude Birth Rate (CBR) and Crude Death Rate (CDR) are statistical measures expressed per 1,000 of the mid-year population, which is a standard demographic convention.

NCERT Class 12 Geography — Chapter 1: The World Population: Distribution, Density and Growth

mcqmedium

With reference to the components of population change, consider the following statements:

There are three components of population change: births, deaths and migration.
Crude Birth Rate (CBR) is expressed as the number of live births in a year per hundred of the population.
Crude Death Rate (CDR) is a simple method of measuring the mortality of any area.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Official previous-year question

Verified 1 Aug 2026.

Options

A2 only
B1 and 3 only
C1 and 2 only
D1, 2 and 3

Did you get this right?

Solution

Correct Option

The correct option is 1 and 3 only.

Explanation

Population change refers to the variation in the number of people in a specific area during a specific time period. This dynamic process is driven by the interaction of three fundamental demographic components: fertility (births), mortality (deaths), and mobility (migration).

Statement-wise Analysis

Statement 1 is Correct: There are three components of population change: births, deaths, and migration. The balance between births and deaths determines the natural growth of the population, while migration accounts for the induced change in population size.
Statement 2 is Incorrect: Crude Birth Rate (CBR) is defined as the number of live births in a year per thousand of the population, not per hundred. It is a standard measure used to estimate fertility rates in a region.
Statement 3 is Correct: Crude Death Rate (CDR) is widely recognized as a simple method of measuring the mortality of any area. It represents the number of deaths in a particular year per thousand of the population.

Key Takeaway: Both Crude Birth Rate (CBR) and Crude Death Rate (CDR) are statistical measures expressed per 1,000 of the mid-year population, which is a standard demographic convention.

Your note

More from Chapter 1: The World Population: Distribution, Density and Growth

Which of the following best explains the high population density in the Katanga-Zambia belt of Africa?

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With reference to the Demographic Transition Theory, which one of the following characterizes the population trend in the Third Stage?

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With reference to world population trends, consider the following statements: 1. Human population increased only two times in the past 500 years. 2. In the twentieth century itself, the population has increased four times. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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Who stated that "the number of people would increase faster than the food supply"?

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Consider the following pairs of Demographic Transition Stages and their characteristics: 1. Stage I : High Fertility, High Mortality 2. Stage II : Low Fertility, High Mortality 3. Stage III : Low Fertility, Low Mortality Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

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Correct Option

The correct option is 1 and 3 only.

Explanation

Statement-wise Analysis

Statement 1 is Correct: There are three components of population change: births, deaths, and migration. The balance between births and deaths determines the natural growth of the population, while migration accounts for the induced change in population size.
Statement 2 is Incorrect: Crude Birth Rate (CBR) is defined as the number of live births in a year per thousand of the population, not per hundred. It is a standard measure used to estimate fertility rates in a region.
Statement 3 is Correct: Crude Death Rate (CDR) is widely recognized as a simple method of measuring the mortality of any area. It represents the number of deaths in a particular year per thousand of the population.

Key Takeaway: Both Crude Birth Rate (CBR) and Crude Death Rate (CDR) are statistical measures expressed per 1,000 of the mid-year population, which is a standard demographic convention.