Correct Option
The correct option is (c).
Explanation
Wood is a traditional solid biomass fuel composed primarily of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. While it has been a primary energy source historically, its usage patterns are shifting due to environmental concerns, low calorific value, and the availability of cleaner alternatives.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. Wood is not primarily used as an industrial fuel; rather, it is extensively used for domestic purposes such as cooking and heating, especially in rural areas of developing countries. Its industrial application is limited compared to its widespread household use.
- Statement 2 is Correct. The use of wood is increasingly being replaced by fuels with higher calorific values and cleaner combustion profiles. In domestic settings, it is being replaced by LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) to reduce indoor pollution. In broader energy contexts, fossil fuels like coal have historically replaced wood for high-energy requirements.
- Statement 3 is Correct. The combustion of wood, particularly in traditional chulhas (stoves), is often incomplete. This releases significant amounts of smoke, particulate matter (PM), and carbon monoxide. Prolonged exposure to this smoke is a leading cause of respiratory disorders, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung infections.
Key Takeaway: Wood is a traditional domestic fuel with low efficiency and high pollution potential. It is being systematically replaced by cleaner fuels like LPG to mitigate deforestation and health hazards associated with indoor air pollution.