The correct option is (d).
Explanation
The Andaman and Nicobar Islands constitute a major archipelago in the Bay of Bengal. These islands are geologically significant as they represent the peaks of a submerged mountain range and exhibit distinct climatic and ecological characteristics due to their latitudinal location.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: The Andaman and Nicobar Islands form an elongated chain of islands located in the Bay of Bengal, extending roughly from north to south. They are divided into two broad groups: the Andaman in the north and the Nicobar in the south, separated by the Ten Degree Channel.
- Statement 2 is Correct: Geologically, these islands are believed to be an elevated portion of submarine mountains. They are considered a southward extension of the Arakan Yoma range of Myanmar.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The islands are situated between approximately 6°N and 14°N latitude. Due to their proximity to the equator, they experience an equatorial climate characterized by high temperatures, high humidity, and heavy convectional rainfall. Consequently, they support thick tropical evergreen forests.
- Statement 4 is Correct: Barren Island, located in the Andaman Sea to the east of the Great Andaman group, is the site of India’s only active volcano. It is part of the volcanic arc that extends from Myanmar to Sumatra.
Key Takeaway
The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are a southward extension of the Arakan Yoma mountain range, characterized by an equatorial climate and the presence of India's only active volcano, Barren Island.