Correct Option
The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
Sensory receptors are specialized structures or nerve endings that detect specific stimuli from the external or internal environment. They convert these stimuli into electrical signals (nerve impulses) that are transmitted to the central nervous system for processing.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: Gustatory receptors are specialized sensory receptors responsible for the sense of taste (gustation). They are primarily located within the taste buds on the tongue and detect chemical compounds in food.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Olfactory receptors are specialized for the sense of smell (olfaction), not taste. They are located in the olfactory epithelium of the nasal cavity and detect airborne chemical molecules.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Sensory receptors are typically the specialized tips (dendritic endings) of sensory nerve cells (neurons). These tips are designed to detect specific types of information (heat, light, sound, chemicals) from the environment and trigger a chemical reaction that creates an electrical impulse.
- Statement 4 is Incorrect: Receptors are not limited to the skin. They are located in various organs, including the eyes (photoreceptors), ears (phonoreceptors), nose (olfactory receptors), and tongue (gustatory receptors), as well as internal organs.
Key Takeaway
Gustatory receptors detect taste, while olfactory receptors detect smell. Both function as specialized tips of sensory neurons that convert environmental stimuli into nerve impulses.