Correct Option
The correct option is (c).
Explanation
Pollination is the biological process in seed plants whereby pollen grains are transferred from the male reproductive structures to the female reproductive structures, enabling fertilization.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: Pollination is defined as the transfer of pollen grains from the anther (the male part) to the stigma (the female part). The statement incorrectly reverses the direction of transfer.
- Statement 2 is Correct: Self-pollination (autogamy) occurs when pollen from the anther is deposited on the stigma of the same flower. If the transfer occurs between different flowers, it is termed cross-pollination.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Pollen grains are encased in a tough protective outer layer called the exine, which is composed of sporopollenin. This layer protects the genetic material from high temperatures, strong acids, and desiccation (drying up) during transit.
Key Takeaway: Pollination always involves the movement of pollen from the anther to the stigma. Pollen grains possess a resistant protective coat to survive environmental stress during this transfer.