The correct option is 2 only.
Explanation
Polar Climates (Group E in the Köppen classification) are characterized by a lack of warm summers, where the average temperature of the warmest month is below 10°C. This group is subdivided into Tundra climate (ET) and Ice Cap climate (EF).
Statement 1 is Incorrect:
The Tundra climate (ET) is characterized by the presence, not the absence, of permafrost. In these regions, the subsoil remains permanently frozen. While the top layer of soil may thaw during the short summer to support low-growing vegetation like mosses and lichens, the underlying ground remains frozen year-round.
Statement 2 is Correct:
The Ice Cap climate (EF) occurs in regions where the average temperature of the warmest month is 0°C or below. Consequently, temperatures remain below the freezing point throughout the year, including the summer months. This climate supports permanent ice and snow cover with no vegetation.
Statement 3 is Incorrect:
Plateau Station is located in the interior of the Antarctic continent. This region experiences an Ice Cap climate (EF), characterized by extreme cold and permanent ice cover. The Tundra climate (ET) in the southern hemisphere is typically found on the Antarctic Peninsula and sub-Antarctic islands, not in the high-altitude interior.
Key Takeaway:
The primary distinction between Tundra (ET) and Ice Cap (EF) climates is the temperature of the warmest month: Tundra regions have an average between 0°C and 10°C, whereas Ice Cap regions remain below 0°C year-round.