Correct Option
The correct option is (c) 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
Plantation agriculture is a distinct form of commercial farming introduced by Europeans in tropical colonies. It involves growing a single crop on a large scale, primarily for the market, utilizing modern scientific methods and significant capital investment.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: Plantation agriculture is characterized by the cultivation of a single crop over a large area. It is strictly a commercial activity where crops are grown for profit rather than personal consumption. Common examples include tea, coffee, rubber, sugarcane, and bananas.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: This form of agriculture is capital-intensive, not subsistence-based. It requires large estates, huge capital investment, managerial and technical support, scientific methods of cultivation, and a large supply of labour. Subsistence agriculture, in contrast, involves farming for the consumption of the farmer's family with minimal surplus.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Plantation agriculture functions as an interface between agriculture and industry. Since many plantation crops are perishable or lose weight during transport (e.g., sugarcane, tea leaves), the produce is often processed on the farm itself or in nearby factories to ensure quality and reduce transportation costs.
Key Takeaway
Plantation Agriculture is a capital-intensive, commercial farming system defined by monoculture (single crop), large estates, and an integrated system of production and processing.