Correct Option
The correct option is (c).
Explanation
Microorganisms are microscopic organisms that may be single-celled or multicellular. They exhibit immense diversity in terms of structure, classification, and habitat adaptability.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: Microorganisms are broadly classified into four major groups: bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and algae. While viruses are also microscopic, they are distinct because they reproduce only inside the cells of the host organism.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Microorganisms are not restricted to moderate climates. They can survive in all types of environments, ranging from ice-cold climates to hot springs (thermophiles), and from deserts to marshy lands. They are also found inside the bodies of animals, including humans.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Microorganisms exhibit varied cellular organization. Some are unicellular (e.g., bacteria, some algae like Chlamydomonas, and protozoa like Amoeba), while others are multicellular (e.g., many algae like Spirogyra and fungi like bread mould and Aspergillus).
Key Takeaway
Microbial Diversity: Microorganisms are omnipresent, capable of surviving in extreme environments (extremophiles), and range from unicellular organisms (bacteria, protozoa) to multicellular ones (algae, fungi).