Correct Option
The correct option is (c) 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
Ultrasound refers to sound waves with frequencies higher than the upper audible limit of human hearing (above 20 kHz). Due to their high frequency and ability to travel along well-defined paths, ultrasonic waves are extensively used in medical diagnostics and therapeutic procedures.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: Echocardiography is a medical imaging technique that uses ultrasonic waves to create images of the heart. The waves reflect off the various parts of the heart, allowing doctors to visualize its structure and function.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Ultrasonography (ultrasound scanning) uses ultrasonic waves, not X-rays, to obtain images of internal organs such as the liver, gall bladder, uterus, and kidneys. The scanner transmits high-frequency sound waves into the body and converts the reflected echoes into images. X-rays involve ionizing electromagnetic radiation, whereas ultrasonography uses mechanical sound waves.
- Statement 3 is Correct: High-intensity ultrasound waves are utilized in a procedure known as Lithotripsy. These waves generate shock waves that can break kidney stones into fine grains, which are subsequently flushed out of the body through urine.
Key Takeaway
Ultrasonography relies on the reflection of high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) to visualize internal organs and is distinct from X-ray imaging, which uses electromagnetic radiation. Ultrasound is also capable of mechanical work, such as breaking kidney stones.