The correct option is (c).
Explanation
Apartheid was a system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa from 1948 to the early 1990s. A core component of this regime was the spatial separation of races, enforced through legislation such as the Natives Land Act of 1913 and the Group Areas Act of 1950, which dictated land ownership and residence based on racial classification.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: The primary objective of the land allocation policy under Apartheid was to segregate the population based on race. Legislation ensured that different racial groups lived in distinct, separated areas to prevent social and economic integration.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The land distribution was heavily skewed in favor of the white minority. The most fertile, productive, and resource-rich land was reserved exclusively for the white population, not the non-white population.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The non-white population, particularly Black South Africans, was forced to inhabit "homelands" or "Bantustans." These areas comprised a small fraction of the country's landmass and were typically characterized by poor soil quality, aridity, and a lack of economic resources.
Key Takeaway:
Apartheid land policies systematically dispossessed the non-white majority, restricting them to marginal and infertile lands while reserving the most valuable and productive territory for the white minority.