The correct option is (c).
Explanation
Kinetic Energy (KE) is the mechanical energy possessed by an object solely due to its motion. It is quantitatively defined by the work needed to accelerate a body of a given mass from rest to its stated velocity.
The mathematical formula for Kinetic Energy is:
KE = ½ mv²
Where m is the mass of the object and v is its velocity.
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: The energy possessed by an object by virtue of its position or configuration is known as Potential Energy (e.g., water stored at a height). Kinetic Energy is possessed strictly by virtue of motion.
- Statement 2 is Correct: As per the formula, Kinetic Energy is directly proportional to the mass ($m$) of the object. If the mass is doubled while velocity remains constant, the kinetic energy doubles.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The formula indicates that Kinetic Energy is directly proportional to the square of the velocity ($v^2$). This means that if the velocity of an object is doubled, its kinetic energy increases by a factor of four.
Key Takeaway: Kinetic Energy is the energy of motion, dependent linearly on mass and quadratically on velocity, whereas Potential Energy is the energy of position or configuration.