The correct option is (c).
Explanation
Modern irrigation methods, such as sprinkler and drip systems, are designed to use water economically and effectively, particularly in regions with specific topographical challenges or water scarcity.- Statement 1 is Correct: The sprinkler system involves pumping water through pipes to rotating nozzles, spraying it into the air so that it falls on the crops like rain. This method is particularly useful on uneven or undulating land where land levelling for surface irrigation is difficult. It is also effective in areas where sufficient water is not available for flood irrigation, or where the soil is sandy.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The description provided refers to the sprinkler system. In the drip system, water falls drop by drop directly at the position of the roots. It does not spray water over the crops like rain.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The drip system is highly efficient because it delivers water directly to the root zone, significantly reducing evaporation and runoff. It is considered the best technique for watering fruit plants, gardens, and trees, as it minimizes water wastage.
Key Takeaway: The Sprinkler system mimics rain and is suitable for uneven land, whereas the Drip system delivers water drop-by-drop to roots, ensuring maximum water efficiency.