The correct option is 1, 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
Air transport is the fastest mode of movement, playing a crucial role in connecting distant, inaccessible, and strategic areas. However, due to high operational costs and fuel consumption, its economic viability depends heavily on the nature of the cargo and the urgency of delivery.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: Air transport is characterized by high speed and efficiency, making it the preferred mode for transporting high-value, low-volume, and perishable goods (e.g., diamonds, electronics, pharmaceuticals, flowers). It is essential for time-sensitive commodities where speed outweighs the cost of transport.
- Statement 2 is Correct: The Airports Authority of India (AAI) is a statutory body under the Ministry of Civil Aviation. It is responsible for creating, upgrading, maintaining, and managing civil aviation infrastructure in India. AAI manages a total of 137 airports, which include International Airports, Domestic Airports, Customs Airports, and Civil Enclaves at Defence airfields.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS) - UDAN (Ude Desh ka Aam Nagrik) aims to make air travel affordable and widespread. A specific focus of the scheme is to provide connectivity to unserved and underserved airports, particularly in priority areas such as the North-Eastern region, hill states (e.g., Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand), and island territories (e.g., Lakshadweep, Andaman & Nicobar).
- Statement 4 is Incorrect: Air transport is the most expensive mode of transport due to high fuel and operational costs. It is economically unviable for heavy, bulky, and low-value cargo (e.g., coal, iron ore, cement, food grains). Waterways and railways are the cheapest and most efficient modes for transporting heavy bulk cargo over long distances.
Key Takeaway
Air transport offers the highest speed but at the highest cost, making it suitable for high-value, light, and perishable goods. Water transport and Railways are the most cost-effective modes for heavy and bulky commodities.