Correct Option
The correct option is (a) 1 only.
Explanation
Food poisoning, or foodborne illness, is a pathological condition caused by the ingestion of food or water contaminated with pathogens (bacteria, viruses, parasites) or chemical toxins produced by microbial growth.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: Food poisoning is directly caused by the consumption of food spoilt by microorganisms. Common pathogens involved include Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and various fungi.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Microorganisms growing on food do not neutralize toxins; instead, they often produce toxic substances. For instance, bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium botulinum release toxins into the food substrate, rendering it poisonous.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: While many cases of food poisoning result in mild gastrointestinal distress, the condition can be severe and can be fatal. Fatalities may occur due to severe dehydration, systemic infection, or the ingestion of potent neurotoxins (e.g., in cases of botulism).
Key Takeaway: Food poisoning results from toxins produced by microbial spoilage in food. It poses significant health risks and can lead to death if not managed properly.