The correct option is (a).
Explanation
The Ganga-Brahmaputra basin is characterized by fertile alluvial soil and a monsoon climate, which supports intensive agriculture. The cropping pattern varies according to the availability of water and the distribution of rainfall across the region.Statement 1 is Correct: Paddy (rice) is the dominant crop in the Ganga-Brahmaputra basin. Since the cultivation of paddy requires sufficient water, it is primarily grown in areas receiving high rainfall, such as West Bengal, Assam, and parts of Bihar.
Statement 2 is Incorrect: The basin supports a variety of crops beyond paddy. Wheat, maize, sorghum, gram, and millets are widely grown, particularly in areas with lower rainfall or during the winter season. Wheat is a major crop in the upper and middle Ganga plains.
Statement 3 is Incorrect: Cash crops are a significant part of the agriculture in this region. Banana plantations are found in various parts of the plains. Additionally, sugarcane and jute are cultivated in suitable areas within the basin.
Key Takeaway: The Ganga-Brahmaputra basin supports diverse agriculture; while paddy is the main crop in high-rainfall zones, wheat, maize, and cash crops like banana and jute are also extensively cultivated.