Warren Hastings
Explanation
The administrative structure of the East India Company evolved through various Acts passed by the British Parliament. The Regulating Act of 1773 was a landmark legislation that altered the designation of the highest official in Bengal to centralize control.
Detailed Analysis:
- Robert Clive: He served as the first Governor of Bengal (1757–1760; 1765–1767). He is credited with establishing British political supremacy in Bengal after the Battle of Plassey, but he never held the title of Governor-General.
- Warren Hastings: The Regulating Act of 1773 designated the Governor of Bengal as the Governor-General of Bengal and subordinated the presidencies of Bombay and Madras to Bengal. Warren Hastings became the first official to hold this title in 1774.
- Lord William Bentinck: Under the Charter Act of 1833, the designation was changed from Governor-General of Bengal to Governor-General of India. Lord William Bentinck was the first to hold this all-India title.
- Lord Canning: Following the Revolt of 1857, the Government of India Act, 1858 transferred power to the British Crown. Lord Canning became the first Viceroy of India.
Key Takeaway: Warren Hastings was the first Governor-General of Bengal (Regulating Act, 1773), while Lord William Bentinck was the first Governor-General of India (Charter Act, 1833).