The correct option is Bullard.
Explanation
The "Jig-Saw-Fit" of opposing continental coastlines, particularly across the Atlantic Ocean, serves as primary evidence for the theory of Continental Drift. While early proponents relied on visual observation of shorelines, later scientific methods refined this matching process using depth data and computation.
Detailed Analysis
- Alfred Wegener: While Wegener was the first to comprehensively propose the theory of Continental Drift in 1912, he relied on the matching of present-day shorelines. This method resulted in significant gaps and overlaps due to erosion and sea-level fluctuations.
- Bullard's Contribution (1964): Edward Bullard, along with colleagues Everett and Smith, utilized a computer program to mathematically determine the "best fit" of the continents bordering the Atlantic Ocean.
- Methodology: Instead of using the variable shoreline, Bullard matched the continents at the 1,000-fathom (approximately 2,000 meters) isobath (depth line). This depth corresponds to the true edge of the continental shelf.
- Result: The computer-generated map demonstrated a precise fit between South America and Africa, as well as North America and Europe, significantly validating the geometrical evidence for continental drift.
Key Takeaway
Bullard used computer mapping to demonstrate the best fit of the Atlantic margins by matching the continents at the 1,000-fathom depth line rather than the coastline.