Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Explanation
The early phase of the Indian National Congress (INC) is broadly divided into two ideological groups: the Moderates (1885–1905) and the Extremists or Radicals (1905–1919). The distinction lies in their methods of agitation and their ultimate political goals.
Analysis of Leaders
- Bepin Chandra Pal, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Lala Lajpat Rai: These three leaders are collectively known as the "Lal-Bal-Pal" trio. They were the primary architects of the Extremist (Radical) phase of the Congress. They advocated for Swaraj (self-rule), Swadeshi (indigenous goods), and Boycott as means of resistance, rejecting the "mendicancy" of the Moderates.
- Gopal Krishna Gokhale: He was a prominent leader of the Moderate faction. He believed in constitutional agitation, the "3Ps" (Prayer, Petition, and Protest), and working within the framework of British law to achieve gradual reforms. He founded the Servants of India Society and was regarded as the political guru of Mahatma Gandhi.
Key Takeaway: The "Lal-Bal-Pal" trio (Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bepin Chandra Pal) and Aurobindo Ghosh led the Extremist wing, whereas leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji, Pherozeshah Mehta, and Gopal Krishna Gokhale led the Moderate wing.