The correct option is Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere.
Explanation
The Earth's atmosphere consists of concentric layers of gases held in place by gravity. These layers are classified primarily based on the variation of temperature with altitude.
Sequence of Atmospheric Layers (From Surface Upwards):
- Troposphere: The lowest layer, extending to an average height of 13 km (approx. 8 km at poles and 18 km at the equator). It contains the majority of the atmospheric mass and is the site of almost all weather phenomena.
- Stratosphere: Extends from the tropopause up to 50 km. It contains the ozone layer, which absorbs ultraviolet radiation, leading to an increase in temperature with height.
- Mesosphere: Extends from 50 km to 80 km. It is the coldest layer of the atmosphere, where meteorites typically burn up upon entering the atmosphere.
- Thermosphere: Located between 80 km and 400 km. It contains the ionosphere (essential for radio communication) and experiences rising temperatures due to solar radiation.
- Exosphere: The outermost layer, extending from the top of the thermosphere and gradually merging into outer space. It consists of extremely rarefied air.
Key Takeaway: The correct vertical order of atmospheric layers is Troposphere → Stratosphere → Mesosphere → Thermosphere → Exosphere.