Partition of Bengal
Explanation
This question requires establishing the chronological sequence of key political events during the early phase of the Indian National Movement (1905–1916). This period witnessed the rise of extremism, communal consolidation, and eventual reconciliation.
Chronological Analysis
- Partition of Bengal (1905): The partition was announced by Lord Curzon in July 1905 and formally came into force on October 16, 1905. It was intended to curb Bengali nationalism and resulted in the launch of the Swadeshi Movement.
- Formation of Muslim League (1906): The All India Muslim League was established in December 1906 at Dhaka. Key figures included Nawab Salimullah, Aga Khan, and Mohsin-ul-Mulk. It was formed to safeguard the political rights of Muslims.
- Surat Split of Congress (1907): The Indian National Congress split into two factions-the Moderates and the Extremists-during its session at Surat in December 1907. The session was presided over by Rash Behari Ghosh.
- Lucknow Pact (1916): This was an agreement reached between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League at a joint session in Lucknow in December 1916. This session also marked the reunion of the Moderates and Extremists within the Congress.
Conclusion
Among the given events, the Partition of Bengal (1905) occurred first.
Key Takeaway
The correct chronological order is: Partition of Bengal (1905) → Formation of Muslim League (1906) → Surat Split (1907) → Lucknow Pact (1916).