Correct Option
The correct option is (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Explanation
The Punjab Plains are formed by the depositional work of the Indus River system. The name "Punjab" literally translates to the "Land of Five Waters" (Panj = Five, Ab = Water), referring to the five major tributaries of the Indus: Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej. All these rivers originate in the Himalayan region and drain the plains of Punjab (divided between India and Pakistan).
Statement-wise Analysis
- 1. Jhelum: Correct. The Jhelum rises from a spring at Verinag situated at the foot of the Pir Panjal in the southeastern part of the Kashmir Valley. It flows through Srinagar and the Wular Lake before entering Pakistan through a deep narrow gorge. It is a key river forming the western part of the Punjab plains.
- 2. Chenab: Correct. The Chenab is the largest tributary of the Indus. It is formed by two streams, the Chandra and the Bhaga, which join at Tandi near Keylong in Himachal Pradesh. It originates near the Bara Lacha La pass in the Zaskar Range of the Himalayas and flows through the plains of Punjab.
- 3. Ravi: Correct. The Ravi has its source in the Kullu hills near the Rohtang Pass in Himachal Pradesh. It flows through the Chamba valley and drains the area between the Pir Panjal and the Dhauladhar ranges before entering the Punjab Plains.
- 4. Beas: Correct. The Beas originates from the Beas Kund near the Rohtang Pass in Himachal Pradesh. It flows through the Kullu valley and forms gorges in the Dhauladhar range. It enters the Punjab Plains where it meets the Sutlej at Harike.
Since all four rivers originate in the Himalayas and contribute to the formation of the Punjab Plains, all options are correct.
Key Takeaway: The Punjab Plains are an aggradational plain formed by the Indus and its five tributaries (Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej), all of which have their origins in the Himalayan mountain complex.