Correct Option
The correct option is 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
The global distribution of rainfall is determined by latitude, atmospheric pressure belts, prevailing wind systems, and topography. Regions characterized by low atmospheric pressure, converging winds, and orographic barriers typically experience heavy precipitation.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. The equatorial belt is a zone of intense heating and low pressure (Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone). It experiences high evaporation and daily convectional rainfall. Consequently, this region typically receives heavy rainfall ranging from 200 cm to 250 cm or more per annum, not less than 50 cm.
- Statement 2 is Correct. The cool temperate western margins (e.g., Western Canada, Southern Chile, Western Europe) are under the permanent influence of the Westerlies. When these moisture-laden winds encounter coastal mountain ranges, they produce heavy orographic rainfall on the windward slopes, often exceeding 200 cm annually.
- Statement 3 is Correct. Coastal areas in monsoon lands (e.g., the Western Ghats in India, coastal Myanmar) receive very heavy rainfall during the summer monsoon season due to strong, moisture-laden onshore winds. The annual rainfall in these regions frequently exceeds 200 cm.
Key Takeaway
Key Takeaway: Heavy rainfall (over 200 cm per annum) is characteristic of the equatorial belt, the windward slopes of cool temperate western margins, and the coastal regions of tropical monsoon lands.