The correct option is Mormugao.
Explanation
India's major ports are strategically located to serve specific hinterlands and handle distinct types of cargo based on the economic activities of those regions. The volume of specific commodities exported from a port is directly linked to the mineral wealth and industrial output of its immediate hinterland.
Analysis of Options
- Mormugao (Correct): Located in Goa, Mormugao is the premier iron ore exporting port of India. It was developed primarily to handle iron ore exports from the mines of Goa and Karnataka. Historically, it has accounted for the highest percentage of India's total iron ore exports.
- Paradip: Located in Odisha, this is a deep-water port that handles a diverse range of bulk cargo, including iron ore and coal. While it handles significant volumes of iron ore from the Odisha-Jharkhand belt, Mormugao is traditionally distinct for its specialization and high volume in iron ore exports in the context of Indian geography.
- Kandla: Located in the Gulf of Kutch (Gujarat), this is a tidal port. It is primarily known for handling crude oil, petroleum products, fertilizers, and salt. It was developed to decongest Mumbai port and serve the northern hinterland.
- Hazira: This is a port in Gujarat, largely known for handling LNG and industrial cargo, rather than being a primary node for iron ore exports.
Key Takeaway: Mormugao Port is the leading port for iron ore exports in India, serving the rich iron ore belts of Goa and Karnataka.