The correct option is 1 and 3 only
Explanation
The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–1922) was not a uniform struggle across India; rather, it assimilated various local grievances and movements. Different regions interpreted the call for Swaraj in ways that addressed their specific local problems, linking them to the broader nationalist struggle.Statement-wise Analysis:
- Pair 1 is Correct: In Kheda (Gujarat), Patidar peasants organised non-violent campaigns against the high land revenue demand of the British. This was a continuation of the agrarian unrest in the region, integrated into the Non-Cooperation Movement.
- Pair 2 is Incorrect: The agitation by tea garden labourers occurred in Assam, not Coastal Andhra. In Assam, labourers demanded wage increases and left British-owned plantations, believing that under "Gandhi Raj," they would be given land in their own villages.
- Pair 3 is Correct: In Punjab, the Akali agitation (Gurdwara Reform Movement) sought to remove corrupt mahants (priests) from gurdwaras. These mahants were often supported by the British administration. The Akali movement became closely identified with the Non-Cooperation Movement due to their shared anti-British stance.
- Pair 4 is Incorrect: Forest satyagrahas were primarily staged in the Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh (Coastal Andhra) and parts of the Central Provinces, not Assam. In these areas, tribals and poor peasants sent their cattle into forests without paying grazing fees, defying colonial forest laws.
Key Takeaway:
During the Non-Cooperation Movement, regional variations were distinct: Punjab saw the Akali movement, Assam saw tea plantation unrest, Andhra witnessed forest satyagrahas, and Gujarat focused on agrarian revenue issues.