The correct Answer is 1, 2, 3 and 4
Explanation
The question pertains to specific terminology associated with the Bikaner School of painting, a prominent sub-school of the Rajasthani School, and its artistic practices and administrative records. Understanding these terms is crucial for comprehending the nuances of art history in the region.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1: Mandi : Artist Studio
Correct. In the context of the Bikaner School and other Rajasthani painting traditions, 'Mandi' referred to the artist's studio or workshop where paintings were created. - Statement 2: Gudarayi : To lift / Finishing touches
Correct. 'Gudarayi' was a term used to describe the process of giving finishing touches to a painting, often involving highlighting or lifting certain elements to enhance their appearance. - Statement 3: Usta : Master Artist
Correct. 'Usta' was a title bestowed upon master artists, particularly those from the Usta family, who were prominent painters in the Bikaner court. This term signifies a high level of skill and mastery in painting. - Statement 4: Bahis : Royal archival diaries
Correct. 'Bahis' were royal archival diaries or registers maintained by the Bikaner court. These documents often contained records related to art commissions, artists, and other administrative details, providing valuable historical insights.
Key Takeaway
The terms Mandi, Gudarayi, Usta, and Bahis are specific to the artistic and administrative practices of the Bikaner School of painting, representing the artist's studio, finishing techniques, master artists, and royal archival records, respectively.