The correct option is Alga – Contains chlorophyll and prepares food
Explanation
Lichens represent a symbiotic association, specifically mutualism, between two distinct organisms: an algal component (phycobiont) and a fungal component (mycobiont). Both partners benefit from this close physical association.- Role of Algae (Phycobiont): The algal component is autotrophic. It contains chlorophyll and performs photosynthesis to synthesize organic nutrients (food), which are provided to the fungus.
- Role of Fungi (Mycobiont): The fungal component is heterotrophic and lacks chlorophyll. It provides the structural framework (shelter), absorbs water and mineral nutrients from the substrate, and protects the alga from environmental stress.
Analysis of Options:
- Option (a) is incorrect: The alga provides food, whereas the fungus provides shelter, water, and minerals.
- Option (b) is incorrect: Fungi are heterotrophic; they cannot prepare food as they lack chlorophyll.
- Option (c) is correct: The alga contains chlorophyll and prepares food through photosynthesis.
- Option (d) is incorrect: Fungi do not contain chlorophyll; their primary role is absorption and protection.
Key Takeaway: In the lichen symbiosis, the autotrophic alga prepares food, while the heterotrophic fungus provides shelter and absorbs water and minerals.