Correct Option
The correct option is (d).
Explanation
The Gram Panchayat serves as the executive wing of the Panchayati Raj system at the village level. Its primary mandate involves local administration, infrastructure development, and the implementation of welfare programs. The specific powers and functions are outlined in State Panchayati Raj Acts, generally aligning with the subjects listed in the Eleventh Schedule of the Constitution.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: The Gram Panchayat is responsible for the construction and maintenance of essential village infrastructure. This explicitly includes water sources (such as wells and tanks), roads, drainage systems, school buildings, and other common property resources required for the community.
- Statement 2 is Correct: To ensure a degree of financial autonomy, Gram Panchayats are empowered to levy and collect local taxes, duties, tolls, and fees. These funds are utilized for the maintenance of village amenities and administrative expenses.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The Gram Panchayat acts as the primary implementing agency for various state and central government schemes. This includes schemes specifically related to generating employment (such as MGNREGA) and poverty alleviation within the village jurisdiction.
Key Takeaway: The core functions of a Gram Panchayat include the creation and maintenance of public infrastructure (water, roads, buildings), the authority to collect local taxes, and the execution of government employment and welfare schemes at the grassroots level.