The correct option is Mica.
Explanation
Mica is a non-metallic mineral composed of a series of plates or leaves. It is characterized by its unique physical structure, which allows it to split easily into extremely thin, tough, and flexible sheets.
Detailed Analysis
- Mica: It possesses perfect basal cleavage, meaning it can be separated into thin sheets. These sheets are so thin that a thousand can be layered into a mica sheet of a few centimeters. Due to its excellent dielectric strength, low power loss factor, insulating properties, and resistance to high voltage, it is considered indispensable for the electrical and electronic industries.
- Quartz: While used in the electronic industry (specifically in oscillators and watches due to piezoelectric properties), it does not exhibit the characteristic cleavage into thin sheets found in mica.
- Feldspar: This is primarily used in the ceramics and glass-making industries.
- Calcite: This mineral is a major component of limestone and is used in the construction and cement industries, not primarily in electronics.
Key Takeaway
Mica is the mineral essential for the electrical and electronic industries specifically because of its high insulating properties and ability to split into thin, flexible sheets.