Seismograph
Explanation
An earthquake generates seismic waves that travel through the Earth's layers. The detection and recording of these waves are essential for determining the location, magnitude, and characteristics of the seismic event. The instrument designed for this purpose operates on the principle of inertia.
Option Analysis
- Barometer is incorrect: A Barometer is an instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure, primarily for weather forecasting and determining altitude.
- Seismograph is correct: A Seismograph (or seismometer) is the instrument used to detect and record ground motion caused by seismic waves. It produces a graph called a seismogram, which helps scientists analyze the P-waves, S-waves, and Surface waves generated by an earthquake.
- Thermometer is incorrect: A Thermometer is used to measure temperature or temperature gradients.
- Anemometer is incorrect: An Anemometer is an instrument used to measure wind speed and direction.
Key Takeaway: While the Seismograph is the instrument that records the waves, the Richter Scale measures the magnitude (energy released), and the Mercalli Scale measures the intensity (visible damage) of the earthquake.