Dr. Ambedkar
Explanation
The abolition of untouchability is enshrined in Article 17 of the Indian Constitution. The philosophical foundation of this provision is rooted in the principles of Social Justice and human dignity, which were central to the debates in the Constituent Assembly.
Historical and Ideological Analysis:
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar: He is historically associated with the assertion that untouchability is fundamentally incompatible with justice. Dr. Ambedkar viewed the caste system and untouchability not merely as religious or social evils, but as a denial of human rights and legal justice. He argued that political liberty (Swaraj) was meaningless without social justice, and that a democratic constitution must actively eradicate such practices to ensure equality.
- Mahatma Gandhi: While Mahatma Gandhi was a staunch opponent of untouchability, his approach was primarily moral and religious. He framed the removal of untouchability as a "penance" for caste Hindus and a purification of Hinduism, often referring to it as a "sin" rather than strictly a legal injustice in the constitutional sense.
Key Takeaway:
Dr. Ambedkar’s opposition to untouchability was based on the framework of rights, law, and justice, which directly influenced the inclusion of Article 17 as a Fundamental Right, whereas Gandhi’s approach was based on moral reform and conscience.