Which enzyme, present in saliva and pancreatic juice, is primarily responsible for the breakdown of starch into simpler sugars?

The correct option is Amylase.

Explanation

Chemical digestion involves the enzymatic hydrolysis of macromolecules into simpler, absorbable units. Specific enzymes are secreted by various glands in the digestive system to target carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.

Detailed Analysis:

• Amylase is Correct: Amylase is the enzyme responsible for breaking down starch (a polysaccharide) into simpler sugars such as maltose and dextrins. It is present in saliva (Salivary Amylase or Ptyalin) and pancreatic juice (Pancreatic Amylase).
• Pepsin is Incorrect: Pepsin is a proteolytic enzyme secreted by the gastric glands in the stomach. It functions in an acidic medium to break down proteins into proteoses and peptones.
• Trypsin is Incorrect: Trypsin is a proteolytic enzyme found in pancreatic juice. It acts in the alkaline environment of the small intestine to hydrolyze proteins into smaller peptides.
• Lipase is Incorrect: Lipase is the primary enzyme responsible for the digestion of emulsified fats (lipids), converting them into fatty acids and glycerol.

Key Takeaway: Amylase targets carbohydrates (starch), Pepsin and Trypsin target proteins, and Lipase targets fats.