Calcium Carbonate
Explanation
The chemical reaction between a base (lime water) and an acidic oxide (carbon dioxide). This is a standard laboratory test used to detect the presence of carbon dioxide gas.
Detailed Analysis:
Lime water is a saturated solution of Calcium Hydroxide [Ca(OH)2]. When carbon dioxide (CO2) gas is passed through this solution, a chemical reaction occurs forming Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3).
The chemical equation for the reaction is:
Ca(OH)2 (aq) + CO2 (g) → CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l)
Calcium Carbonate is insoluble in water and forms a white precipitate. The suspension of these white solid particles in the solution gives it a milky or cloudy appearance.
Distinction from Calcium Bicarbonate:
If carbon dioxide is passed through the lime water for an extended period (in excess), the milkiness disappears. This happens because the insoluble Calcium Carbonate reacts further with the excess CO2 and water to form Calcium Bicarbonate [Ca(HCO3)2], which is soluble in water.
Key Takeaway:
The "milky" appearance of lime water upon contact with carbon dioxide is caused by the formation of the insoluble precipitate Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3).