The correct option is 220 V.
Explanation
Domestic Power Supply Standards
In India, electricity is distributed to households using an Alternating Current (AC) system. The domestic circuit typically comprises three types of wires: the Live wire (Red or Brown), the Neutral wire (Black or Blue), and the Earth wire (Green or Yellow).
The Live wire carries current from the source and is maintained at a fluctuating high potential, while the Neutral wire acts as the return path and is maintained at approximately zero potential (grounded at the local substation). Therefore, the standard potential difference between the Live wire and the Neutral wire in India is 220 V. The frequency of this supply is fixed at 50 Hz.
Analysis of Other Options:
- 110 V: This is the standard domestic voltage in countries such as the United States of America.
- 440 V: This voltage is typically used for heavy-duty industrial applications involving three-phase power supply.
- 12 V: This is a low voltage, commonly found in Direct Current (DC) applications like batteries, not in domestic mains supply.
Key Takeaway: The standard single-phase domestic AC supply in India operates at a potential difference of 220 V with a frequency of 50 Hz.