What is the maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in the outermost orbit of an atom?

The correct option is

8

Explanation

The distribution of electrons into different orbits (shells) of an atom is governed by the Bohr-Bury scheme. These rules determine the maximum capacity of electrons for each energy level.

Analysis of Electron Distribution Rules:

• General Capacity Rule: The maximum number of electrons that can exist in a shell is given by the formula 2n², where 'n' is the orbit number (e.g., 2 for K-shell, 8 for L-shell, 18 for M-shell).
• Outermost Shell Restriction: Regardless of the theoretical capacity calculated by the 2n² formula, the outermost orbit (valence shell) of an atom cannot accommodate more than 8 electrons.
• Stability: This limitation is based on the principle that atoms attain chemical stability when their outermost shell possesses an octet (8 electrons).

Key Takeaway:
While inner shells follow the 2n² capacity rule, the valence (outermost) shell is strictly capped at a maximum of 8 electrons.