Basic
Explanation
The chemical nature of an oxide depends on the element with which oxygen is combined. Generally, oxides of metals are basic in nature, while oxides of non-metals are acidic. When a basic oxide dissolves in water, it forms a hydroxide solution that releases hydroxide ions ($OH^-$).
Detailed Analysis
Magnesium ($Mg$) is an alkaline earth metal. When magnesium reacts with oxygen, it forms Magnesium Oxide ($MgO$). Being a metal oxide, Magnesium Oxide is basic in nature.
When Magnesium Oxide is dissolved in water, a chemical reaction occurs forming Magnesium Hydroxide:
$MgO(s) + H_2O(l) \rightarrow Mg(OH)_2(aq)$
The resulting product, Magnesium Hydroxide ($Mg(OH)_2$), is a base. In an aqueous solution, it dissociates to provide hydroxide ions, which turns red litmus paper blue, confirming the basic nature of the solution.
- Acidic Oxides: Formed by non-metals (e.g., $SO_2$, $CO_2$).
- Amphoteric Oxides: React with both acids and bases (e.g., $Al_2O_3$, $ZnO$).
- Neutral Oxides: Show neither acidic nor basic properties (e.g., $CO$, $NO$, $N_2O$).
Key Takeaway
Metal oxides are basic in nature and form alkaline solutions when dissolved in water. Non-metal oxides are acidic in nature.