Correct Option
The correct option is Spatial inequality and social justice.
Explanation
The welfare school of thought (also known as the humanistic approach) in Human Geography emerged in the 1970s. It developed as a reaction against the Quantitative Revolution, shifting the focus from abstract statistical models and dehumanized spatial analysis to the qualitative aspects of human life.
Analysis:
- Focus on Social Justice: The central theme of the welfare approach is the social well-being of the people. It deals directly with issues related to spatial inequality and social justice.
- Core Questions: It seeks to answer the fundamental question: "Who gets what, where, and how?" This involves analyzing the distribution of essential social goods such as housing, health, and education.
- Elimination of Other Options:
- Natural limitations and Environmental determinism (Options b and d) relate to the Deterministic school, which argues that the physical environment dictates human action.
- Mathematical regionalisation (Option c) is associated with the Quantitative Revolution, which prioritized data and models over social concerns.
Key Takeaway: The welfare school of thought in Human Geography prioritizes human dignity and social well-being, focusing on the equitable distribution of resources and the reduction of spatial inequalities.