The steep perpendicular face of a rock along a sea coast is known as:

Correct Option

The correct option is

Sea Cliff

Explanation

Coastal landforms are shaped by the dynamic action of sea waves, currents, and tides. On high rocky coasts, erosional processes dominate, leading to the formation of distinct features such as cliffs, caves, arches, and stacks through the continuous impact of water and rock debris against the shoreline.

Option Analysis

• Sea Cave Sea Cave: This is incorrect. Sea caves are hollows formed when waves attack weak zones or cracks in the rock face. While they are erosional features found on rocky coasts, they are defined by the cavity created, not the vertical face itself.
• Sea Cliff Sea Cliff: This is correct. A sea cliff is a steep, often perpendicular face of rock along a sea coast. It is formed when waves undercut the base of a rocky coast, creating a notch. Over time, the unsupported rock above collapses, leaving a vertical or near-vertical wall facing the sea.
• Sea Arch Sea Arch: This is incorrect. A sea arch is formed when two caves on opposite sides of a headland meet or when a single cave erodes completely through the rock. It represents a later stage of erosion than a cliff or cave.
• Stack: This is incorrect. A stack is an isolated pillar of rock standing in the sea. It is formed when the roof of a sea arch collapses, leaving a detached column of rock.

Key Takeaway

Sea Cliff refers specifically to the steep, vertical rock face bordering the sea, resulting from the undercutting action of waves and the subsequent retreat of the coastline.