Correct Option
The correct option is (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Explanation
The Petroleum Conservation Research Association (PCRA), a body under the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Government of India, formulates strategies and advises citizens on the conservation of petroleum products. These measures aim to reduce fuel consumption, save economic resources, and minimize environmental pollution caused by the combustion of fossil fuels.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: Driving at a constant and moderate speed is the most fuel-efficient method of operating a vehicle. Frequent acceleration and braking waste kinetic energy and increase fuel consumption.
- Statement 2 is Correct: Idling an engine consumes fuel without covering any distance. Switching off the engine at traffic lights or during wait times prevents unnecessary fuel wastage and reduces emission accumulation.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Ensuring correct tyre pressure is crucial because under-inflated tyres increase rolling resistance. Higher resistance requires the engine to work harder, thereby burning more fuel.
- Statement 4 is Correct: Regular maintenance, such as engine tuning and air filter cleaning, ensures efficient combustion. A poorly maintained engine consumes more fuel and emits higher levels of pollutants.
Key Takeaway: To conserve non-renewable fossil fuels, the PCRA recommends a combination of efficient driving habits (speed control, avoiding idling) and mechanical upkeep (tyre pressure, regular servicing).