The newspaper Kesari, which became one of the strongest critics of British rule, was edited by:

The correct option is

Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Explanation

The vernacular press played a crucial role in the Indian freedom struggle by awakening political consciousness and critiquing colonial administration. Bal Gangadhar Tilak was a pioneer in utilizing journalism as a tool for nationalist mobilization.

Detailed Analysis:

• Foundation: The newspaper Kesari (meaning 'Lion') was founded in 1881 in Bombay (now Mumbai).
• Language and Editorship: It was a Marathi newspaper. Although initially started by a group including V.K. Chiplunkar and G.G. Agarkar (who was its first editor), Bal Gangadhar Tilak later became its sole editor and the defining voice behind it.
• Role in Nationalism: Under Tilak, Kesari became the mouthpiece of the extremist wing of the Indian National Congress. It fearlessly criticized British policies, advocated for Swaraj (self-rule), and played a significant role in the Home Rule Movement.
• Companion Paper: Tilak also published an English weekly titled The Mahratta to reach a broader, English-speaking audience.

Key Takeaway: Kesari was a prominent Marathi newspaper edited by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, which served as a powerful instrument for propagating anti-British sentiments and nationalist ideology.