The correct option is Divergent Boundary.
Explanation
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is the longest mountain range in the world, located on the floor of the Atlantic Ocean. It is a classic example of a mid-ocean ridge system formed by the movement of tectonic plates.
Detailed Analysis:
- Convergent Boundary is incorrect: A Convergent Boundary occurs where two tectonic plates move toward each other, often resulting in subduction or mountain building (e.g., the Himalayas). This does not describe the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
- Divergent Boundary is correct: The Mid-Atlantic Ridge represents a Divergent Boundary. Here, tectonic plates move away from each other. Specifically, it separates the North American Plate from the Eurasian Plate in the North Atlantic, and the South American Plate from the African Plate in the South Atlantic. As the plates separate, magma rises from the mantle to fill the gap, creating new oceanic crust through the process of seafloor spreading.
- Transform Boundary is incorrect: A Transform Boundary exists where plates slide horizontally past one another without creating or destroying lithosphere (e.g., the San Andreas Fault). While transform faults do offset segments of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, the ridge system itself is fundamentally divergent.
- Subduction Zone is incorrect: A Subduction Zone is a specific feature of convergent boundaries where one plate sinks beneath another. This is associated with trench formation, not ridge formation.
Key Takeaway:
Mid-ocean ridges, such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, are divergent plate boundaries where new lithosphere is created by upwelling magma and seafloor spreading.