The correct option is (c) 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
The Indian Judiciary serves as the guardian of the Constitution and the protector of citizens' rights. Its functions are broadly categorized into dispute resolution, judicial review, and upholding the law and Fundamental Rights.- Statement 1 is Incorrect: The judiciary is not prohibited from resolving disputes between citizens. In fact, Dispute Resolution is one of its primary functions. The judicial system provides a mechanism for resolving disputes between citizens, between citizens and the government, between two state governments, and between the central and state governments.
- Statement 2 is Correct: The judiciary possesses the power of Judicial Review. This empowers the Supreme Court and High Courts to examine the constitutionality of legislative enactments and executive orders. If a law passed by Parliament or a State Legislature violates the basic structure or provisions of the Constitution, the judiciary has the power to declare it null and void.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The judiciary is responsible for upholding the law and enforcing Fundamental Rights. Under Article 32 (Supreme Court) and Article 226 (High Courts), any citizen can approach the courts if they believe their Fundamental Rights have been violated. The courts can issue writs to enforce these rights.
Key Takeaway: The three core functions of the Indian Judiciary are Dispute Resolution (civil and criminal), Judicial Review (checking constitutionality), and Enforcement of Fundamental Rights (writ jurisdiction).