The judiciary in India performs which of the following broad functions? 1. The judiciary is prohibited from resolving disputes between citizens. 2. The judiciary has the power of Judicial Review. 3. The judiciary is responsible for upholding the law and enforcing Fundamental Rights. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

The correct option is (c) 2 and 3 only. Explanation The Indian Judiciary serves as the guardian of the Constitution and the protector of citizens' rights. Its functions are broadly categorized into dispute resolution, judicial review, and upholding the law and Fundamental Rights. - Statement 1 is Incorrect: The judiciary is not prohibited from resolving disputes between citizens. In fact, Dispute Resolution is one of its primary functions. The judicial system provides a mechanism for resolving disputes between citizens, between citizens and the government, between two state governments, and between the central and state governments. - Statement 2 is Correct: The judiciary possesses the power of Judicial Review. This empowers the Supreme Court and High Courts to examine the constitutionality of legislative enactments and executive orders. If a law passed by Parliament or a State Legislature violates the basic structure or provisions of the Constitution, the judiciary has the power to declare it null and void. - Statement 3 is Correct: The judiciary is responsible for upholding the law and enforcing Fundamental Rights. Under Article 32 (Supreme Court) and Article 226 (High Courts), any citizen can approach the courts if they believe their Fundamental Rights have been violated. The courts can issue writs to enforce these rights. Key Takeaway: The three core functions of the Indian Judiciary are Dispute Resolution (civil and criminal), Judicial Review (checking constitutionality), and Enforcement of Fundamental Rights (writ jurisdiction).

NCERT Class 8 Political Science — Chapter 4: Judiciary

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The judiciary in India performs which of the following broad functions?

The judiciary is prohibited from resolving disputes between citizens.
The judiciary has the power of Judicial Review.
The judiciary is responsible for upholding the law and enforcing Fundamental Rights.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Official previous-year question

Verified 1 Aug 2026.

Options

A1 and 2 only
B2 only
C2 and 3 only
D1, 2 and 3

Did you get this right?

Solution

The correct option is (c) 2 and 3 only.

Explanation

The Indian Judiciary serves as the guardian of the Constitution and the protector of citizens' rights. Its functions are broadly categorized into dispute resolution, judicial review, and upholding the law and Fundamental Rights.

Statement 1 is Incorrect: The judiciary is not prohibited from resolving disputes between citizens. In fact, Dispute Resolution is one of its primary functions. The judicial system provides a mechanism for resolving disputes between citizens, between citizens and the government, between two state governments, and between the central and state governments.
Statement 2 is Correct: The judiciary possesses the power of Judicial Review. This empowers the Supreme Court and High Courts to examine the constitutionality of legislative enactments and executive orders. If a law passed by Parliament or a State Legislature violates the basic structure or provisions of the Constitution, the judiciary has the power to declare it null and void.
Statement 3 is Correct: The judiciary is responsible for upholding the law and enforcing Fundamental Rights. Under Article 32 (Supreme Court) and Article 226 (High Courts), any citizen can approach the courts if they believe their Fundamental Rights have been violated. The courts can issue writs to enforce these rights.

Key Takeaway: The three core functions of the Indian Judiciary are Dispute Resolution (civil and criminal), Judicial Review (checking constitutionality), and Enforcement of Fundamental Rights (writ jurisdiction).

Your note

More from Chapter 4: Judiciary

Consider the following statements regarding the concept of the 'Rule of Law' in the Indian context: 1. The Rule of Law implies that laws apply equally to all persons without discrimination. 2. The Rule of Law allows the government to change legal procedures arbitrarily for different individuals. 3. The judiciary acts as an independent body to enforce the rule of law. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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With reference to 'Dispute Resolution' by the judiciary, the system provides a mechanism for resolving disputes between: 1. Disputes between citizens. 2. Disputes between citizens and the government. 3. Disputes between two or more state governments. 4. Disputes between the Centre and state governments. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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Consider the following statements regarding 'Judicial Review': 1. Judicial Review empowers the judiciary to strike down particular laws passed by the Parliament. 2. This power can be exercised only if the law is related to criminal justice. 3. It makes the Parliament the final interpreter of the Constitution. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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Assertion (A): The judiciary in India plays a crucial role in the protection of Fundamental Rights. Reason (R): The Constitution empowers the Supreme Court and High Courts to issue writs for the enforcement of these rights.

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Consider the following statements regarding the Supreme Court of India: 1. The Supreme Court of India was established on 26 January 1950. 2. It was established to replace the High Courts of the Presidencies. 3. It was initially located in the Chamber of Princes in the Parliament House. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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The correct option is (c) 2 and 3 only.

Explanation

Statement 1 is Incorrect: The judiciary is not prohibited from resolving disputes between citizens. In fact, Dispute Resolution is one of its primary functions. The judicial system provides a mechanism for resolving disputes between citizens, between citizens and the government, between two state governments, and between the central and state governments.
Statement 2 is Correct: The judiciary possesses the power of Judicial Review. This empowers the Supreme Court and High Courts to examine the constitutionality of legislative enactments and executive orders. If a law passed by Parliament or a State Legislature violates the basic structure or provisions of the Constitution, the judiciary has the power to declare it null and void.
Statement 3 is Correct: The judiciary is responsible for upholding the law and enforcing Fundamental Rights. Under Article 32 (Supreme Court) and Article 226 (High Courts), any citizen can approach the courts if they believe their Fundamental Rights have been violated. The courts can issue writs to enforce these rights.