Correct Option
The correct option is Erythroblastosis foetalis.
Explanation
The Rhesus (Rh) factor is an antigen found on the surface of red blood cells. Rh incompatibility arises when an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive foetus. During the delivery of the first Rh-positive child, maternal blood may be exposed to small amounts of foetal blood, triggering the mother's immune system to produce antibodies against the Rh antigen. In subsequent pregnancies involving an Rh-positive foetus, these antibodies can cross the placenta and attack the foetal red blood cells.
Option Analysis
- Erythroblastosis foetalis Erythroblastosis foetalis: Correct. This condition, also known as hemolytic disease of the newborn, occurs due to Rh incompatibility. The maternal antibodies (IgG) cross the placenta and destroy the foetal red blood cells, leading to severe anaemia and jaundice. It can be fatal to the foetus or cause severe damage.
- Haemophilia Haemophilia: Incorrect. Haemophilia is a sex-linked recessive genetic disorder that impairs the body's ability to make blood clots, a process needed to stop bleeding. It is unrelated to maternal-foetal blood group incompatibility.
- Thalassemia Thalassemia: Incorrect. Thalassemia is an autosome-linked recessive blood disorder. It is a genetic defect involving the reduced synthesis of one of the globin chains that make up haemoglobin. It is not caused by immune incompatibility.
- Scurvy Scurvy: Incorrect. Scurvy is a nutritional deficiency disease caused by a lack of Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in the diet. It leads to symptoms such as bleeding gums and skin spots.
Key Takeaway
Erythroblastosis foetalis is a specific alloimmune condition caused by the destruction of Rh-positive foetal RBCs by anti-Rh antibodies produced by an Rh-negative mother, typically affecting the second Rh-positive pregnancy onwards.