Correct Option
The correct option is Adrenaline and Noradrenaline.
Explanation
The adrenal glands are paired structures located above the kidneys. Each gland is composed of two distinct tissues: the outer adrenal cortex and the inner adrenal medulla. The adrenal medulla functions as an extension of the sympathetic nervous system and releases hormones in response to stress.
Detailed Analysis
- Adrenaline and Noradrenaline is Correct: The adrenal medulla secretes two major hormones: Adrenaline (Epinephrine) and Noradrenaline (Norepinephrine). These are collectively called catecholamines. They are rapidly secreted during emergency situations or stress, leading to the "fight or flight" response. Their effects include increased alertness, pupillary dilation, piloerection (raising of hairs), sweating, and increased heart rate.
- Cortisol is Incorrect: Cortisol is a glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex (specifically the zona fasciculata). It is involved in carbohydrate metabolism, anti-inflammatory reactions, and the stress response, but it is not the primary "fight or flight" catecholamine.
- Aldosterone is Incorrect: Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex (specifically the zona glomerulosa). Its primary function is to regulate the balance of water and electrolytes (sodium and potassium) in the body.
- Insulin is Incorrect: Insulin is a peptide hormone secreted by the beta cells of the Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans). It regulates blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose by cells.
Key Takeaway: The adrenal medulla secretes catecholamines (Adrenaline and Noradrenaline) which trigger the "fight or flight" response. The adrenal cortex secretes corticoids such as Cortisol (glucocorticoid) and Aldosterone (mineralocorticoid).