Correct Option
The correct option is A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1
Explanation
This question tests the fundamental functions of specific biological tissues and cells in both plants and animals. It focuses on vascular transport systems in plants (xylem and phloem), absorption mechanisms (root hairs), and hemostasis in animal blood (platelets).
Detailed Analysis
- A. Xylem (Matches 2: Transport of water): Xylem is a complex permanent tissue in vascular plants. Its primary function is the conduction of water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the stems and leaves. It also provides mechanical strength to the plant parts.
- B. Phloem (Matches 3: Transport of food): Phloem is the vascular tissue responsible for the transport of soluble organic compounds, particularly sugar (sucrose), made during photosynthesis. This process of transporting food from leaves to other parts of the plant is known as translocation.
- C. Platelets (Matches 4: Clotting of blood): Platelets, or thrombocytes, are small, colorless cell fragments in the blood of mammals. Their principal function is to prevent bleeding by clumping and clotting blood vessel injuries (hemostasis).
- D. Root hair (Matches 1: Absorption of water): Root hairs are delicate, tubular extensions of the epidermal cells of a root. They significantly increase the surface area of the root system, facilitating the efficient absorption of water and mineral nutrients from the soil.
Key Takeaway
Xylem transports water unidirectionally (roots to leaves), while Phloem transports food multidirectionally (source to sink). Platelets are essential for blood coagulation, and Root hairs maximize water absorption.