The correct option is A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
Explanation
Geomorphic processes are forces that shape the Earth's surface. They are broadly classified into Endogenic forces (internal origin) and Exogenic forces (external origin). Endogenic forces are further categorized into Diastrophic (slow) and Sudden movements.
Detailed Analysis:
- A. Building Mountains - Diastrophic Force (4): Diastrophism refers to forces that generate slow movements, causing deformation of the Earth's crust. Orogenic processes (mountain building) involve severe folding and faulting of crustal plates over long geological periods.
- B. Earthquake - Sudden Force (3): Sudden geomorphic movements occur abruptly and cause rapid, often catastrophic, changes to the crust. Earthquakes and volcanoes are the primary examples of sudden endogenic forces.
- C. River - Exogenic Force (2): Exogenic forces derive their energy from the sun and atmospheric conditions. Rivers (running water) act as major exogenic agents that wear down landforms through erosion and fill depressions through deposition.
- D. Wind - Erosional Force (1): Wind is a powerful agent of erosion, transportation, and deposition, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. In the context of this matching exercise, it represents an erosional force acting on the surface.
While both Rivers and Winds are exogenic and erosional agents, the correct matching is determined by the unique combination provided in Option (a), anchored by the distinct classification of mountain building and earthquakes.
Key Takeaway:
Endogenic forces (Diastrophic and Sudden) are generally land-building or constructive forces, whereas Exogenic forces (Weathering, Erosion) are land-wearing or gradational forces.