The correct option is A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4
Explanation
Seed dispersal is the process by which seeds are transported away from the parent plant to new locations for germination. This mechanism reduces competition for light, water, and nutrients between the parent and offspring. Plants have evolved specific morphological adaptations to utilize various agents of dispersal, such as wind (anemochory), water (hydrochory), animals (zoochory), and mechanical bursting (autochory).
Analysis of Matches
- A. Drumstick (Moringa) - 1. Wind: The seeds of the drumstick plant possess thin, papery wing-like structures. These wings increase the surface area of the seed, allowing it to be easily lifted and carried by wind currents to distant places.
- B. Coconut - 3. Water: The coconut fruit is adapted for dispersal by water. It has a thick, fibrous mesocarp (husk) that traps air, providing buoyancy. This allows the fruit to float and travel across oceans and rivers to coastal areas.
- C. Xanthium - 2. Animals: The fruits of Xanthium are covered with stiff, hook-like spines. These hooks mechanically attach to the fur of passing animals or the clothing of humans, facilitating the transport of seeds to new locations.
- D. Castor - 4. Bursting: Castor plants employ a mechanical dispersal method known as autochory. As the fruit dries, internal tension builds up in the pericarp. Eventually, the fruit bursts open with a sudden jerk, scattering the seeds away from the parent plant.
Key Takeaway
Seed dispersal adaptations are specific to the agent used: wings for wind (Drumstick), fibrous husks for water (Coconut), hooks/spines for animals (Xanthium), and explosive mechanisms for self-dispersal (Castor).