Correct Option
The correct option is A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
Explanation
Coastal landforms are primarily shaped by the erosional and depositional actions of sea waves. In rocky coastal areas, the continuous impact of waves creates a specific sequence of erosional features, evolving from simple cracks to complex isolated structures.
Detailed Analysis
- A. Sea Cave matches 3 (Hollows formed on rocks): The continuous lashing of waves against the base of rocky coasts creates cracks. Over time, these cracks widen and evolve into hollows known as sea caves.
- B. Sea Arch matches 2 (Only roof of the caves remain): As erosion persists, the cavities of sea caves become larger. Eventually, if caves on opposite sides of a headland meet or if a cave erodes through a promontory, only the roof remains, forming a bridge-like structure called a sea arch.
- C. Stack matches 1 (Wall-like features): Continued erosion weakens the roof of the sea arch until it collapses. The remaining isolated vertical columns of rock, standing like walls or pillars in the sea, are called stacks.
- D. Sea Cliff matches 4 (Steep rocky coast rising vertically): A sea cliff is a steep, often vertical, rock face along the coast formed by the erosive action of waves undercutting the base of the land, causing the overhanging rock to collapse.
Key Takeaway
Evolution of Coastal Erosion: The standard sequence of landform development due to wave erosion on a headland is: Crack → Sea Cave → Sea Arch → Stack → Stump.