The correct Answer is A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
Explanation
This question pertains to chemical bonding, specifically covalent bonds formed between atoms to create molecules. Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms, and they can be single, double, or triple depending on the number of electron pairs shared. The type of bond influences the molecule's properties.
Statement-wise Analysis
- A. Nitrogen ($N_2$) - Correct
Nitrogen atoms form a triple bond by sharing three electron pairs to achieve a stable electron configuration. Each nitrogen atom has 5 valence electrons, and by sharing three pairs, each atom completes its octet.
- B. Hydrogen ($H_2$) - Correct
Hydrogen atoms form a single bond by sharing one electron pair. Each hydrogen atom has 1 valence electron, and by sharing one pair, each atom achieves the stable electron configuration of helium (2 electrons).
- C. Oxygen ($O_2$) - Correct
Oxygen atoms form a double bond by sharing two electron pairs. Each oxygen atom has 6 valence electrons, and by sharing two pairs, each atom completes its octet.
- D. Chlorine ($Cl_2$) - Correct
Chlorine is a halogen. Chlorine atoms form a single bond by sharing one electron pair. Each chlorine atom has 7 valence electrons, and by sharing one pair, each atom completes its octet. This is characteristic of diatomic halogens.
Key Takeaway
The type of covalent bond (single, double, or triple) in a diatomic molecule is determined by the number of electron pairs shared between the atoms to achieve stable electron configurations, often an octet or duet.