The correct option is A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
Explanation
This question requires identifying the chemical names and compositions of common substances encountered in daily life, which are frequently categorized under acids, bases, and salts.
- A. Baking Soda (Sodium Hydrogencarbonate): Baking soda is the common name for Sodium Hydrogencarbonate ($NaHCO_3$), also known as sodium bicarbonate. It is a mild, non-corrosive basic salt used in cooking and as an antacid. (Matches 3)
- B. Vinegar (Acetic Acid): Vinegar is a dilute solution of acetic acid ($CH_3COOH$) in water (typically 5-8%). It is widely used as a preservative and flavoring agent. (Matches 2)
- C. Lime Water (Calcium Hydroxide): Lime water is a saturated solution of Calcium Hydroxide ($Ca(OH)_2$). It is produced when quicklime (Calcium Oxide) is mixed with water. It turns milky when carbon dioxide is passed through it. (Matches 4)
- D. Rust (Iron Oxide): Rust is the reddish-brown substance formed on the surface of iron when it is exposed to moisture and air. Chemically, it is hydrated Iron(III) Oxide ($Fe_2O_3 \cdot xH_2O$). (Matches 1)
Key Takeaway: Essential chemical name associations include Baking Soda ($NaHCO_3$), Vinegar (Acetic Acid), Lime Water ($Ca(OH)_2$), and Rust (Hydrated Iron Oxide).